Tropical red alga <italic>Compsopogon caeruleus</italic>: an indicator of thermally polluted waters of Europe in the context of temperature and oxygen requirements

The red alga Compsopogon caeruleus can generally be found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. In addition to its natural habitats, this species may that receive abnormally hot water, e.g., from powerhouses. To date, the presence of C. has not been observed thermally polluted lacustrine ecosystems Poland, which a moderate climate. thalli were growing on Vallisneria spiralis Licheńskie Lake. Importantly, paper presents previously unknown relationship between temperature (20, 25, 30, 35, 40°C) oxygen requirements (based ex situ measurements O<sub>2 </sub>consumption by thalli). Surprisingly, 35°C optimum for caeruleus, is higher than values reported some previous thermal analyses approximately 10°C. Additionally, we reviewed mapped distribution nonnative mesophilic / seminatural water Europe. Finally, propose occurrence mature novel, simple easy-to-recognize bioindicator artificially permanently heated climate zones regular discharge postindustrial water.